Bimetallic nanoparticles, which are composed of two metallic elements, are a new class of nanomaterials. These materials exhibit different properties in terms of hardness, thermal and electrical conductivity, and flexibility compared to the corresponding pure bimetallic mixtures and monometallic alloys. The electrical, physical, and chemical properties of bimetallic nanoparticles are related to the type of metal used and its nature. Therefore, it is easy to prepare an optimized structure of bimetallic nanoparticles with superior properties and highly effective ability by optimizing conditions such as changing the ratio of metals, size, and shape of the particles. In recent decades, much research has been conducted in this field on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles for specific applications. This article reviewed the properties, synthetic methods, and Characterization techniques of bimetallic nanoparticles.

To measure excitation functions of particle-induced prompt gamma-ray production reactions on Li, a thin LiF target was fabricated by thermal evaporation technique onto self-supporting Ag film. The thickness and the ‘, stochiometric’,ratio of the thin LiF target was measured using Elastic ‘, Back scattering’,Spectroscopy (EBS), Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE), and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) techniques. The target was characterized to check uniformity and its stability under beam bombardment. Carbon and molybdenium contamination in the target also were examinated. The values of the thickness of the target obtained by EBS, PIGE and NRA techniques are in good agreement with each other, within the estimated uncertainties. Measurements were conducted using the proton/deuteron beams of the 3 MV ‘, Van de Graaff’,electrostatic accelerator of Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI). All results are presented in an absolute approach by using the experimental cross-section values available through the Ion Beam Nuclear Data Library (IBANDL).

Since antiquity people were attracted to tales and stories. From the simplest form to the most complicated novels of today, people were fascinated by the characters, and heroes, to witness life and come into contact with different modes of life and learn lessons from them.  In fact stories as much as history played a significant role in peoples’ upbringing and education.  In some instances even more than history since the worlds depicted in stories and the knowledge gained in pursuing the fate of its heroes could not be contained in history. People are mostly fascinated by the actions of the characters since they could easily identify themselves with them. The more real the characters, the more they appealed to the reader.  Irrespective of the fact whether the characters were active or passive, and what the angle of vision was in the story because it was related to peoples’ lives and experiences they were attractive. Therefore the most attractive stories among people were those that had the best character and theme and the best characters where those who took form from the society and its events.Looking at Golestan from this angle, that is the manner in which Saadi uses techniques of Characterization to create characters consistent in their behavior, motivated in their action and are plausible or lifelike leads us to another characteristic of this masterpiece which renders it forever eternal and delightful.

For all of the structural principles of structuralism attempt the scientific basis for it to literary studies is planned. Narratology is new scientific and The result revolutionary structuralism. Structuralism group extension pattern- linguistics Levi-Strauss' for oral myths, another type of structuralism, as structural narratology laid the foundation. Grymas six role with the introduction of "identifiers /issue identification, sender /recipient and donor / disagree" to model their interaction and Genette with matter Scheme "mood" under " perspective" as narrative focus techniques narrative, in presenting characters to the audience will play an important role. In this study, Characterization in stories Asrsr-al tawhid based structural narratology theory (genetic- and Grymas) are also studied. Methods The study is descriptive and analytical. The purpose of this research, discovery, recognition- and success of Mohammad Munawar Characterization in the story and reveal the process of building their new grandeur Abu said Abu-al khyr are based the Characterization techniques in Asrar-al tawhid. Story processing in Asrar-al tawhid Sufi ideas and practices for developing a tool to introduce and show the greatness of character- is Abu said Abu-al khyr.

Pebrine disease is the most important and dangerous disease of silkworm caused by Nosema bombycis as an obligate intracellular parasitic fungus. It has caused tremendous economic losses in the silk industry in recent years. Given the fact that light microscopy method (with low accuracy) is the only method for diagnosing pebrine disease in the country, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods were adopted in this study for accurate morphological identification of the spores causing pebrine disease. Infected larvae and mother moth samples were collected from several farms (Parand, Parnian, Shaft, and Iran Silk Research Center in Gilan province, Iran). The spores were then purified using the sucrose gradient method. From each region, 20 and 10 samples were prepared for SEM and TEM analysis, respectively. In addition, an experiment was performed to evaluate the symptoms of pebrine disease by treating fourth instars with the spores purified for the present study, along with a control group. The results of SEM analysis showed that the mean±, SD length and width of spores were 1. 99±, 0. 25 to 2. 81±, 0. 32 μ, m, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the size of spores was smaller than the Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis) as the classic species that cause pebrine disease. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures showed that the grooves of the adult spores were deeper than those of other Nosema species, Vairomorpha, and Pleistophora, and resembled N. bombycis in other studies. Examination of pathogenicity of the studied spores indicated that the disease symptoms in controlled conditions were similar to those in the sampled farms. The most important symptom in fourth and fifth instrars were the small size and no growth in the treatment group compared with the control group. Findings of SEM and TEM analysis showed better morphological and structural details of parasite compared with light microscopy, and demonstrated that the studied species were a native strain of N. bombycis specific to Iran, whose size and other characteristics were unique and introduced for the first time in this study.

Image processing techniques are recently employed in chemical engineering problems to evaluate and quantify result of experiments. Some of the most applications of image processing are the fabrication process of nanowires, membranes and catalysts. A new method to identify domains and quantify ordering degree of SEM micrographs of anodic porous alumina is presented in this paper. This method begins by take SEM micrographs from pores and identifying their centers, then their neighbors are detected and hexagons are identified. Then based on the configuration of neighboring pores an angel is assigned to the central pore of the hexagon. A spreading algorithm is proposed based on concatenating neighboring pores so that the standard deviations of angels of the whole domain do not exceed a specific threshold. Domain sizes are used as quantification criteria for anodic oxide aluminum ordering. Using the proposed technique proper anodization time to develop optimum domains in different anodization conditions could be achieved. Our algorithm greatly excels previous approaches identifying domain borders.